By: Dr Ruslan Pashchenko
Updated:December 22, 2024

Understanding Blood Clots: Causes, Risks, and Prevention

Blood clots, or thrombosis, are a serious health issue that can develop silently and cause life-threatening complications. A blood clot forms when platelets and fibrin clump together to stop bleeding. While this process is essential for healing injuries, clots in the wrong places can block blood flow and lead to emergencies like pulmonary embolism or stroke.

Common Causes of Blood Clots

Several factors increase the risk of developing blood clots, including:

• Smoking: Tobacco use damages blood vessels and promotes clot formation.
• Oral contraceptives: Hormonal birth control can elevate the risk of clots, particularly for smokers.
• Dehydration: Inadequate hydration thickens blood, making clots more likely.
• Long flights: Prolonged immobility reduces circulation, increasing the chance of clotting in the legs.
• Recent surgeries or illnesses: Conditions like COVID-19 and surgeries can alter blood flow and increase clotting risk.

Symptoms to Watch For

Recognizing symptoms early can save lives. Look out for:

• Swelling in one limb, often the legs.
• Redness or warmth in a specific area.
• Unexplained pain in the legs or chest.
• Sudden shortness of breath, which may indicate a pulmonary embolism.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing blood clots involves managing risk factors and making healthy lifestyle choices. Here are some key recommendations:

1. Stay active: Move frequently during flights or long periods of sitting. Stand up, walk around, and stretch your legs every hour.
2. Wear compression socks: These help maintain blood flow in your legs during long trips or if you have varicose veins.
3. Hydrate: Drink water regularly to prevent dehydration and maintain healthy blood viscosity.
4. Avoid smoking: Quitting smoking reduces damage to blood vessels and overall clotting risks.
5. Consult your doctor: If you take oral contraceptives or have a history of clotting disorders, discuss your risks with a healthcare provider.

What to Do in Case of Symptoms

If you notice signs of a clot, such as significant swelling or unexplained pain, seek medical attention immediately. Ultrasound exams can confirm the presence of a clot. In some cases, doctors may recommend blood thinners or even surgical interventions like a vena cava filter to prevent complications.

Conclusion

Understanding the risks and symptoms of blood clots can help you take proactive measures to protect your health. By staying active, hydrated, and informed, you can reduce the likelihood of developing this dangerous condition.