By: Dr Ruslan Pashchenko
Updated:December 22, 2024

Steps to Properly Diagnose and Treat Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Early detection and proper treatment significantly improve outcomes. Follow these steps to navigate the diagnostic and treatment process effectively.

1. Recognizing Symptoms

Common symptoms of breast cancer include lumps in the breast, skin dimpling, nipple retraction, redness, or abnormal discharge. If you notice any changes, consult a healthcare provider immediately. While these signs may not always indicate cancer, timely evaluation is essential.

2. Diagnostic Tests

Accurate diagnosis involves multiple tests:

• Ultrasound or Mammography: Used to visualize abnormalities. Women under 45 typically undergo ultrasounds, while mammograms are recommended for older women.
• Biopsy: A core needle biopsy (thick needle biopsy) is performed to extract a tissue sample for histological analysis. Results take 7-14 days and confirm the presence of cancer.
• Additional Imaging: MRI with contrast may be used if implants are present or for a more detailed evaluation.

3. Determining Cancer Characteristics

Once a cancer diagnosis is confirmed, further tests are conducted to understand the tumor’s properties:

• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Identifies the molecular subtype and characteristics of the tumor, influencing treatment choices.
• Genetic Testing: Recommended for patients under 45 or with a family history of cancer to assess the risk of secondary cancers.

4. Treatment Planning

Treatment often involves a multidisciplinary team, including oncologists, surgeons, and radiologists. Common treatments include:

• Surgery: Options range from tumor removal to mastectomy with or without reconstruction.
• Chemotherapy: Administered before or after surgery, depending on the cancer type.
• Radiation and Hormonal Therapy: Used based on the cancer subtype and stage.

5. Importance of Second Opinions

Always seek a second opinion to explore treatment options and confirm the proposed plan. Different clinics may offer varying approaches based on their resources and expertise.

6. Rehabilitation and Support

Post-treatment care is crucial. Rehabilitation may include physical therapy to improve mobility and support groups to address emotional well-being. Consider organizations that provide financial and psychological assistance during recovery.

Final Thoughts

Breast cancer treatment requires accurate diagnosis and a personalized approach. By following these steps, you can ensure effective treatment and recovery. Stay informed, seek multiple opinions, and advocate for your health.

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