By: Dr Ruslan Pashchenko
Updated:December 22, 2024

Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Varicocele is a common condition affecting men of all ages. In this article, we will discuss what varicocele is, its symptoms, and when surgery might be necessary. You’ll also learn about the potential consequences of untreated varicocele and its impact on male fertility.

What Is Varicocele?

Varicocele refers to the enlargement of veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs or hemorrhoids. This condition often affects the left testicle and can lead to symptoms such as discomfort, swelling, or changes in sperm quality.

The scrotum functions to keep the testicles slightly cooler than the body’s internal temperature. When varicocele occurs, the impaired blood flow can raise the temperature around the testicles, negatively impacting sperm production.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Varicocele symptoms can vary greatly. While some men experience pain or swelling, others may not notice any discomfort. Common signs include:

• Enlarged or twisted veins visible in the scrotum.
• Testicular pain that worsens after prolonged standing or physical activity.
• Reduced testicular size or changes in firmness.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and ultrasound with Doppler imaging to assess blood flow and vein size.

When Is Surgery Necessary?

Not all cases of varicocele require surgery. Surgical intervention is usually recommended for:

• Men experiencing persistent pain or discomfort.
• Cases of male infertility where varicocele is a contributing factor.
• Testicular atrophy (shrinking) due to impaired blood flow.

However, sudden onset varicocele, especially on the right side, should raise concerns about underlying conditions like tumors and warrants immediate medical evaluation.

Types of Treatment

There are several treatment options for varicocele, including:

• Open Surgery: Traditional surgical techniques involve tying off the affected veins to restore proper blood flow.
• Microsurgery: A minimally invasive approach with a lower risk of complications.
• Endovascular Embolization: A non-surgical method where a catheter is used to block problematic veins.

Choosing the right method depends on the surgeon’s expertise and the specific case. Always consult a trusted specialist for advice.

Complications and Myths

While varicocele surgery is generally safe, potential complications include fluid buildup around the testicle (hydrocele), damage to surrounding structures, or recurrence. Myths about non-surgical treatments like ointments or medications should be dismissed as these are ineffective.

Conclusion

Varicocele is a manageable condition, but timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential, especially for those seeking to preserve fertility. If you suspect you have varicocele, consult a healthcare professional to discuss your options.